Faculty & Staff

Ronnie Carda
Email: carda@education.wisc.edu
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Coordinator - PE Elective Program

Ph.D. Exercise Physiology

Areas of Elective Instruction

Fitness, Racquet & Golf

Classes Taught

Cross-Training, Weight Training I, Running, Marathon/Distance Training, Badminton, Golf I, PE 100: Exercise, Nutrition and Health

Current Interests and/or Recognitions in Physical Education

• Interested in Fitness Assessment both aerobic and muscle strength/endurance
• Desire to maintain optimal fitness
• Member of Wisconsin Alliance of Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (WAHPERD)
• Member of American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)
• ASCM Health Fitness Instructor

Activities Related to Areas of Instruction

• Actively involved in physical fitness program
• Advisor to the Running Club @ UW-Madison
• Have run 30+ marathons with goal to run one in every state

Lisa H. Colbert, Ph.D.,M.P.H.
Email: lhcolbert@education.wisc.edu
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Assistant Professor of Kinesiology

• B.S., 1989, University of Delaware
• M.S., 1992, University of Delaware
• Ph.D., 1998, University of South Carolina
• M.P.H., 1999, University of South Carolina

Principal Research Interests

Physical activity in the prevention of cancer; benefits of an active lifestyle for cancer survivors; mechanisms of cancer risk reduction; physical activity in aging.

Research in my lab primarily focuses on the role of physical activity in cancer prevention & control.  Higher levels of physical activity are associated with reduced risk of colon and breast cancers in epidemiological studies, and there is accumulating evidence that greater activity is also associated with cancers of other types such as endometrial and lung cancers.  Some of the current questions we are addressing are:  What are the mechanisms which explain these associations?  What are the doses of physical activity or exercise necessary to achieve benefits?  What is the role of physical activity in the survivorship of persons diagnosed with cancer? 

Currently, we are examining the relationships between physical activity, pain, and physical function in older colorectal cancer survivors.  We have surveyed ~950 people in the state of WI who were diagnosed at age 65 or older, and who have lived 5-10 yrs beyond their diagnosis, to explore these relationships.  We are also beginning a project aimed at examining the validity of various methods for measuring physical activity in older adults.  Determining the best tool to accurately assess activity will allow us to explore dose-response relationships between activity and various outcomes, including physical function in cancer survivors.

Although most of our work uses epidemiologic methods, we also use animal models of cancer to explore the role of exercise in tumorigenesis.  These models allow us to look at potential mechanisms that would be difficult to examine in humans.

Primary Emphasis Group

Physical Activity Epidemiology

University Affiliations

Department of Population Health Sciences
Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center
Institute on Aging

Representative Publications

• Colbert, LH, V Mai, J Tooze, SN Perkins, D Berrigan, SD Hursting.  Negative energy balance induced by voluntary wheel running inhibits polyp development in APCmin mice. Carcinogenesis, 27:2103-7, 2006.
• Manini, TM, JE Everhart, KV Patel, DA Schoeller, LH Colbert, M Visser, F Tylavsky, DC Bauer, BH Goodpaster, TB Harris.  Daily activity energy expenditure and mortality among older adults.  JAMA, 296:171-9, 2006.
• Visser, M, EM Simonsick, LH Colbert, J Brach, SM Rubin, SB Kritchevsky, AB Newman, TB Harris, for the Health ABC Study. Type and intensity of activity and risk of mobility limitation: the mediating role of muscle parameters. J Am Geriatr Soc., 53:762-770, 2005.
• Il’yasova, D, LH Colbert, TB Harris, AB Newman, DC Bauer, S Satterfield, SB Kritchevsky. Circulating levels of inflammatory markers and cancer risk in the Health Aging and Body Composition cohort. Cancer Epid Biomark Prev, 14:2413-8, 2005.
• Colbert, LH, M Visser, E Simonsick, R Tracy, A Newman, S Kritchevsky, M Pahor, D Taafe, J Brach, S Cummings, S Rubin, and TB Harris. Physical activity, exercise, and inflammation in older adults: Findings from Health ABC. J Am Geriatr Soc, 52(7): 1098-104, 2004.
• Colbert, LH, J Lacey Jr. , P Albert, C Schairer, A Schatzkin, D Albanes (2003). Physical activity and the risk of endometrial cancer in a prospective study. Cancer Causes Control, 14:559-567.
• Colbert, LH, V Mai, SN Perkins, D Berrigan, JA Lavigne, HH Wimbrow, WG Alvord, DC Haines, P Srinivas, and SD Hursting (2003). Exercise and intestinal polyp development in ApcMin mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35:1662-1669.
• Colbert, LH, E Lanza, R Ballard-Barbash, ML Slattery, JA Tangrea, B Caan, ED Paskett, F Iber, W Kikendall, P Lance, M Shike, RE Schoen, C Daston, A Schatzkin, and the Polyp Prevention Trial Study Group (2002). Adenomatous polyp recurrence and physical activity in the Polyp Prevention Trial (United States). Cancer Causes Control, 13:445-453.
• Colbert, LH, TJ Hartman, N Malila, PJ Limburg, P Pietinen, J Virtamo, PR Taylor and D. Albanes (2001). Physical activity in relation to cancer of the colon and rectum in a cohort of male smokers. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 10:265-268.

Perform a publication search for Dr. Colbert.

Dane B. Cook
Email: dcook@education.wisc.edu
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Assistant Professor of Kinesiology

• B.S. 1992 Arizona State University
• M.S. 1995 University of Georgia
• Ph.D. 1998 University of Georgia

Principal Research Interests

Psychobiological mechanisms of pain, fatigue and effort; Exercise and functional neuroimaging.

Pain and fatigue are major public health concerns that have a negative impact on quality of life and limit physically active lifestyles. Research in my laboratory is focused on uncovering the psychobiological mechanisms that are involved in the perceptual experience of pain, fatigue and exertion and learning how exercise can be used to better understand and treat these phenomena in healthy people and those with chronic pain and fatigue.

My group has employed several experimental approaches to gain a better understanding of the effects of physical activity on subjective experiences and brain responses. These studies have characterized pain intensity during exercise, tested the effects pharmacological manipulations on muscle pain perception and determined the influences of disease on pain and effort.

My recent work has focused on using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to understand central nervous system mechanisms of pain and fatigue in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Results from these investigations have demonstrated that, compared to healthy pain-free female controls, female FM patients exhibit greater blood oxygen level dependent responses in pain-relevant brain regions in response to several tasks designed to examine the sensory and perceptual systems; and that CFS patients require greater utilization of brain regions involved in working memory to accurately complete a cognitive task. These studies have provided some of the first objective evidence in support of the perceptual experiences in these patient populations.

Future studies are planned to use exercise and functional brain imaging in concert to understand the psychobiological consequences of physical activity, and to determine to what extent exercise effects perceptual and neural responses in healthy and chronically ill populations.

Primary Emphasis Group

Exercise Psychology

University Affiliations

Wisconsin Public Health and Health Policy Institute - Affiliate

Representative Publications

• Cook, D.B. (In Press) Physical Activity and Pain. In: Psychobiology of Exercise and Sport. Acevedo and Ekkakis (Eds). Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
• Smith, J.C. & D.B.Cook. (In Press). Methodology in psychophysiological studies: Applications to physical activity. In: Special Issue, “Five Decades of Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Festschrift for William P. Morgan”, Dishman, R.K. & P.J. O’Connor (Editors) International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 4: 534-553.
• Cook, D.B., P.R. Nagelkirk, B. Quresihi, A. Peckerman, A. Poluri, J. Mores, & B.H. Natelson (2005). Exercise and neurocognitive performance in chronic fatigue syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 37 (9): 1460-1467.
• Lange, G., J. Steffener, D.B.Cook, B.M. Bly, C. Christodoulou, W.C. Liu, J. DeLuca & B.H. Natelson (2005). Objective evidence of cognitive complaints in chronic fatigue syndrome: a BOLD fMRI study of verbal working memory. Neuroimage 26: 513-524.
• Lange, G.,D.B.Cook, & B.H. Natelson (2005). Rehabilitation and treatment of fatigue. In: DeLuca, J. (Editor). Fatigue as a Window to the Brain. Chapter 18: (pp. 301-316). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
• Liu, W.C., S.C. Feldman, D.L. Hung, D.B.Cook, A. Kalnin & B.R. Komisaruk (2004). FMRI study of acupuncture-induced periacquductal gray activity in humans. Neuroreport. 15 (12): 1937-1940.
• Cook, D.B., E.M. Jackson, P.J. O’Connor, & R.K. Dishman (2004). Muscle pain during exercise in normotensive black women: effect of parental history of hypertension. Journal of Pain. 5 (2):111-118.
• Cook, D.B., G.L. Lange, D.S. Ciccone, W.C. Liu, J. Steffener, & B.H. Natelson (2004). Functional imaging of pain in patients with primary fibromyalgia. Journal of Rheumatology. 31:364-378.
  Nagelkirk, P.R., D.B. Cook, J.J. LaManca, T. Sakowski, A. Peckerman & B.H. Natelson (2003). Aerobic capacity of Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue syndrome. Military Medicine. 168 (9):750-755.
• Cook, D.B, P.R. Nagelkirk, A. Peckerman, A. Poluri, J.J. LaManca, & B.H. Natelson (2003). Perceived exertion in fatiguing illness part 1: civilians with chronic fatigue syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 35(4):563-568.
• Cook, D.B., P.R. Nagelkirk, A. Peckerman, A. Poluri, J.J. LaManca, & B.H. Natelson (2003). Perceived exertion in fatiguing illness part 2: Gulf Veterans with chronic fatigue syndrome. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 35 (4): 569-574.
• Cook, D.B., P.J. O’Connor, & C.A. Ray (2000). The effects of an opioid agonist and antagonist on the perception of muscle pain and exertion and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) during and after graded maximal handgrip exercise. American Journal of Physiology- Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 279: R1565-R1573.
• Cook, D.B. & K.F. Koltyn (2000). Pain and exercise. In: Exercise Psychology; R.K. Dishman (Editor), International Journal of Sports Psychology. Vol. 31 (2): (pp. 256-277). Rome: Edizioni Luigi Pozzi.
• O'Connor, P.J. & Cook, D.B. (1999). Exercise and pain: the neurobiology, measurement, and laboratory study of pain in relation to exercise in humans. In J. O. Holloszy & D. R. Seals (Eds.), Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. Vol. 27: (pp. 119-166). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
• Cook, D.B., P.J. O’Connor, S.E. Oliver & Y. Lee (1998). Sex differences in leg muscle pain and exertion during maximal cycle ergometry. International Journal of Neuroscience, 95: 183-202.
• Cook, D.B., P.J. O’Connor, S.A. Eubanks, J.C. Smith & M. Lee (1997). Naturally occurring muscle pain during exercise: assessment and experimental evidence. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 29 (8): 999-1012.

Jerome A. Dempsey, Ph.D.
Email: jdempsey@wisc.edu
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Professor of Preventive Medicine
John Robert Sutton Professor of Preventive Medicine
Director, John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine

• B.A. 1961, University of Western Ontario
• M.S. 1963, University of Alberta
• Ph.D. 1966, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Principal Research Interests

Respiratory physiology, neuromechanical regulation of breathing during sleep and exercise, role of pulmonary system in limitation of exercise performance.

Causes and consequences of sleep apnea; the role of pulmonary vagal feedback in the regulation of breathing and regulation of the circulation; regulation of breathing in heavy exercise; under what circumstances in health does the lung or chest wall limit physical performance? (i.e., highly trained young adult, normal aging, highly trained female endurance athlete); effects of respiratory muscle work on blood flow distribution during exercise.

Primary Emphasis Group

Exercise Physiology

University Affiliations

Specialized Center of Research in Sleep-Disordered Breathing; Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology NIH Training Grant Group; Departments of Preventive Medicine, Physiology, Kinesiology, Biomedical Engineering and Veterinary Science.

Representative Publications

• Dempsey, J.A., L. Adams, D. Ainsworth, R. Fregosi, C. Gallagher, A. Guz, B. Johnson*, and S. Powers. Airway lung and respiratory muscle function during exercise. Handbook of Physiology, XII-Exercise (Ed. L. Rowell, and J. Shepard) Oxford Press. Pp 448-515, 1996.
• Dempsey, J.A., C.A. Harms**, and D. Ainsworth. Respiratory muscle perfusion and energetics during exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exer., 28: 1123-1128, 1996.
• Dempsey, J.A., C.A. Smith, C.A. Harms**, C.M. Chow**, and K.W. Saupe*. Sleep-induced breathing instability. Sleep, 19(3): 236-247, 1996.
• Ainsworth, D.M., C.A. Smith, K.S. Henderson, and J.A. Dempsey. Breathing during exercise in dogs - passive or active? J. Appl. Physiol., 81(2): 586-595, 1996.
• Babcock, M.A.**, D.F. Pegelow, B.D. Johnson*, and J.A. Dempsey. Aerobic fitness effects on exercise-induced low-frequency diaphragm fatigue. J. Appl. Physiol., 81: 2156-2216, 1996.
• Johnson, B., E.A. Aaron*, M.A. Babcock**, and J.A. Dempsey. Respiratory muscle fatigue during exercise: implications for performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exer., 28: 1129-1137, 1996.

  * Pre-doctoral fellow
  **Post-doctoral fellow

Gary Diffee
Email: diffee@education.wisc.edu
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Associate Professor of Kinesiology

• B.S., 1982, Northwest Nazarene College
• M.S., 1984, University of Washington
• Ph.D., 1991, University of California, Irvine

Principal Research Interests

Regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction; Alterations in these regulatory processes in response to development, training, aging or disease.

The research in my laboratory is focused on understanding the regulation of contraction in muscle cells. Regulation of the contractile force and speed is a complex process that involves the concerted effort of numerous cellular components. These regulatory processes are key constituents of modulation of contractile performance. Proteins involved in these regulatory processes are often subject to alteration by the cell as it adapts during development, to changes in functional demand, or to aging or disease processes.

Experiments in my laboratory often center on measuring the contractile and functional properties of single skeletal muscle or cardiac muscle cells, since this preparation eliminates the variability inherent in multicellular preparations. Examples of muscle cell mechanical properties measured include: maximal and submaximal isometric tension, maximal shortening velocity, rate of tension development and relaxation, and power output. We are currently using these techniques to address a number of issues related to muscle adaptation, such as:

Cardiac adaptation to exercise: It has been well established that exercise training results in enhanced cardiac function but the cellular basis for this enhancement has not been clear. In our lab we have recently used single cell techniques to examine the mechanism of adaptation to exercise training in the heart. We have observed a number of changes in single cardiac cell contractile properties including an increase in sensitivity to activation by Ca2+, a change in the length dependence of force production, and an increase in loaded shortening and power output properties. Using microarray expression analysis we observed a number of changes in cardiac gene expression associated with exercise training that provide potential molecular mechanisms for these functional changes.

Currently we are expanding these findings by examining the cellular basis for the increase in cardiac mass (hypertrophy) that accompanies exercise and determining the differences between exercise induced hypertrophy and hypertrophy induced under pathological conditions such as chronic pressure overload. We are also determining the effect of aging on cardiac cell contractile properties and the effect of exercise on these age-associated changes.

Effects of cancer cachexia on skeletal muscle function: Cancer cachexia is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass that affects approximately 50% of cancer patients. Little is known about the mechanisms of this muscle atrophy, although this area is receiving increasing attention. Even less is known about its effects on muscle function. Understanding the effects on muscle contractile properties should prove useful in designing treatment measures and also help in identifying the underlying cellular pathways involved in this syndrome. We have recently described an increase in type IIb MHC and “fast” isoforms of MLC in the soleus muscle of tumor-bearing mice. This was the first description of any change in protein isoform expression in this disease model. We have also begun to characterize the effect of cachexia on fiber contractile properties. Work in progress involves determining if changes in MHC protein levels reflect changes in gene expression and determining cellular mechanisms for these changes.

Primary Emphasis Group

Exercise Physiology

University Affiliations

UW Cardiovascular Research Center

Representative Publications

• Diffee, GM. Nagle, DF. Regional differences in effects of exercise training on contractile and biochemical properties of rat cardiac myocytes Journal of Applied Physiology 95: 35-42, 2003
• Diffee, G.M.. Chung, E. Altered single cell force-velocity and power properties in exercise-trained rat myocardium. Journal of Applied Physiology 94: 1941-1948, 2003.
• Diffee, G.M.. Nagle DF. Exercise training alters length dependence of contractile properties in rat myocardium Journal of Applied Physiology. 94(3):1137-44, 2003
• Diffee, G.M. Seversen EA. Stein TD. Johnson JA. Microarray expression analysis of effects of exercise training: increase in atrial MLC-1 in rat ventricles. American Journal of Physiology - Heart & Circulatory Physiology. 284(3):H830-7, 2003
• Diffee, G.M. Kalfas K. Al-Majid S. McCarthy DO. Altered expression of skeletal muscle myosin isoforms in cancer cachexia. American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology. 283(5):C1376-82, 2002
• Diffee, G.M. Seversen EA. Titus MM. Exercise training increases the Ca2+ sensitivity of tension in rat cardiac myocytes. Journal of Applied Physiology. 91(1):309-15, 2001
• Moss, R.L., G.M. Diffee, and M.L. Greaser. Contractile properties of skeletal muscle fibers in relation to myofibrillar protein isoforms. Reviews in Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology. 126:1-63. 1995.

Tim Gattenby
Email: gattenby@education.wisc.edu
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Associate Faculty Associate

M.S. Physical Education; Minors in Health, Biology

Areas of Elective Instruction

• Fitness
• Adapted fitness and personal training
• Courses in professional preparation for teachers

Classes Taught

• Adapted Fitness and Personal Training
• Triathlon Training
• Aquatic Conditioning and Open Water Swimming
• Topics in Outdoor Pursuits

Current Interests and Recognitions in Physical Education

• Tim Gattenby Scholarship in Adapted Physical Education - established in 2003, funded by Blair and Karen Mathews
• 2003 Heideman Award for Excellence in Public Service
• 8-Time Ironman Competitor
• 8-Time 24-hour National Bicycling Competitor
• 2 -Time Minesota 500 mile Border to Border Triathlon Over-all Champion
• Traditional Archery

Activities Related to Areas of Instruction

Personal Trainer and First-Aid & CPR Instructor Trainer

Kreg G. Gruben, Ph.D.
Email: gruben@education.wisc.edu
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Associate Professor of Kinesiology

• B.S. 1985, Agricultural Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
• Ph.D. 1993, Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

Principal Research Interests

Biomechanics, Motor Control, Human Locomotion

Our research program aims to understand how the human nervous system controls lower limb force production and how that control allows humans to walk. We have developed a technique that experimentally isolates the muscle component of foot force, the component over which the nervous system has the most direct control. We have employed that technique to characterize foot force control during a wide range of static and dynamic tasks in both healthy humans and those that have had a stroke.

The force output of the human leg during seated pushing tasks has a preferred control mode that preserves the direction of the force vector as magnitude increases. The resulting force vector trace is linear, indicating a specific coordination of muscles crossing multiple joints. This control strategy could serve to simplify the complex multi-joint multi-muscle coordination problem. The direction of that preferred force output varies with limb posture in a manner that appears well tuned for preserving balance as is crucial in weight-bearing tasks. Thus we propose that this linear force output may be a fundamental characteristic of nervous system control that enables bipedal human locomotion.

We have also shown that a stroke preserves the linearity aspect of that preferred control but alters the direction. That misdirection of force would preclude walking unless compensatory behaviors were adopted. The direct kinetic and kinematic effects predicted by that force misdirection, as well as specific compensations required to walk, are precisely what is observed clinically after stroke. Thus, we propose that locomotion after stroke could be more efficiently improved by re-training of the coordination corresponding to the force misdirection.

Current research aims to understand the neural and mechanical factors related to the multi-joint coordination that enables us to walk. We are also investigating the force misdirection caused by stroke and developing procedures to correct that misdirection.

Primary Emphasis Group

Biomechanics, Motor Control

University Affiliations

Mechanical Engineering Department & Biomedical Engineering Department

Representative Publications

• Gruben KG, López-Ortiz C: Characteristics of the force applied to a pedal during human pushing efforts: Emergent linearity. J Motor Behavior, 32(2):151-162, 2000.
• Gruben KG, López-Ortiz C, Schmidt MW: The control of foot force during pushing efforts against a moving pedal. Experimental Brain Research, 148(1):50-61, 2003.
• Gruben KG, Rogers LM, Schmidt MW: Direction of foot force for pushes against a fixed pedal: role of effort level. Motor Control, 7(3):229-41, 2003.
• Schmidt MW, López-Ortiz C, Barrett PS, Rogers LM, Gruben KG: Foot force direction in an isometric pushing task: prediction by kinematic and musculoskeletal models. Experimental Brain Research, 150(2):245-54, 2003.
• Gruben KG, López-Ortiz C, Giachetti RS: Muscular and postural components of foot forces during quasi-static extension efforts. J Applied Biomechanics, 19:239-245, 2003.
• Gruben KG, Rogers LM, Schmidt MW, Tan L: Direction of foot force for pushes against a fixed pedal: variation with pedal position. Motor Control, 7:366-383, 2003.
• Rogers LM, Brown DA, Gruben KG: Foot force direction control during leg pushes against fixed and moving pedals in persons post-stroke. Gait and Posture, 19(1):58-68, 2004.

Li Li Ji, Ph.D.
Email: Ji@education.wisc.edu
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Professor

• B.S., 1976, East China Normal University
• M.S., 1982, University of Wisconsin-Madison
• Ph.D., 1985, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Principal Research Interests

Dr. Ji's research areas of expertise include free radical induced oxidative injury with exercise, aging, and related pathological conditions; the role of antioxidants in the prevention of oxidative damage; and regulation of hepatic lipogenic enzymes with diet and exercise.

Oxygen free radicals and antioxidant protection are a central paradigm of Dr. Ji's research. Reactive oxygen intermediates are generated from normal cellular metabolic processes such as mitochondrial respiration, or from certain physiological and pathological states. Numerous diseases are now identified to be related to free radical chemistry.

The following problems are representative of Dr. Ji's research interests.
Exercise
Strenuous exercise is associated with increased oxygen consumption and free radical production. Tissues actively involved in exercise, such as skeletal muscle, liver and heart, are exposed to an increased oxidative stress. Deficiency of antioxidant nutrients exacerbates the damage, whereas supplementation of various antioxidants and exercise training may offer increased protection.
Heart Postischemic Injury
Temporary interruption and restoration of blood flow to the heart can cause biochemical and functional damage to the myocardium. Oxygen free radical may be responsible for this ischemia- reperfusion injury. We have shown that free radicals are directly involved in the pathogenesis using an open-chest rat heart model. Training and supplementation of antioxidants make the heart more resistant to reperfusion injury, whereas depletion of certain antioxidants, such as glutathione, enhances oxidative damage.
Aging
Aging is proposed to be caused by free radical reaction throughout the life span. We are interested in the specific cellular mechanisms that increase free radical generation during aging. We also seek physiological and nutritional strategies that could enhance antioxidant defense and prevent age-related oxidative injury.

Primary Emphasis Group

Exercise Physiology

University Affiliations

Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences
Institute on Aging
Cardiovascular Research Center

Representative Publications / Presentations

Invited International and Domestic Presentations (since 2004)

• Free radicals and antioxidants. Invited speaker. NIH Nutrition Seminar, University of Kentucky . May 16, 2004.
• Phytochemicals: Star antioxidants. Symposium chair and speaker. ACSM meeting. Indianapolis, June 2, 2004.
• Exercise, aging and phytochemical. Invited symposium speaker. American Oil Chemical Society conference. Cincinnati, OH. May 9, 2004.
• Exercise activation of cellular antioxidant signaling pathway. Invited speaker. 4th BELLE International Conference of Hormesis. Amhurst, MA, June 6, 2005.
• Exercise and hormesis: role of NFκB in antioxidant signaling. Symposium organizer and speaker. 11th International Biomedical Gerontology Conference Aarhus University in Denmark, August 13-16 2005.
•  Free radical-antioxidant homeostasis in the mitochondria: Role of MnSOD. Invited lecture. Mitochondria in Health and Disease Conference. Chinese Academy of Science,. Beijing, September 27, 2005.
• Antioxidant supplementation for health and performance. Invited lecture. Taiwan Society of Exercise Physiology. Taipei, Taiwan, December 19, 2005.
• Free radicals as cell signaling agents. Invited speaker. International Biochemistry of Exercise Symposium. Soul, Korea. October 22, 2006.
• Free radicals, exercise and hormesis. Invited lecture, 4th International Chinese Scholars Society for Exercise and Fitness. Tianjin, China, October 26-28, 2004.
• Role of mitochondria in muscle adaptation to exercise. Invited lecture. International Mitochondrial Conference. Wenzhow, China, Nov. 4-6, 2006.
• Phytochemicals as dietary supplementation. Symposium of Babcock Associates. Dept. Food Science, UW- Madison. Feb. 23, 2006
• Exercise and Hormesis: Good side of free radicals in exercise and prevention. ACSM Colloquium. Denver CO, June 3, 2006.
• Antioxidant signaling. Invited symposium speaker, ACSM meeting. New Olean. May 30, 2007.
• Exercise-induced signaling and adaptation of antioxidant systems. Loyola University Medical School. Oct. 3, 2007.

Published Articles and Book Chapters (Since 2004)  

• Gopalakrishnan, A. L. L. Ji  and C. Cirelli. Effect of sleep deprivation on markers of oxidative stress and cellular damage.  Sleep 27: 27-35, 2004.
• Ji, L. L. Free radicals and heart ischemia-reperfusion injury. In: Exercise and Diseases (Ed. Z. Radak) Human Kinetics Publisher, Champaign, IL. p. 110-132, 2004.
• Ji, L. L and D. Perterson. Aging, Exercise and Phytochemicals: Promises and Pitfalls. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1019: 453-461, 2004.
• Ji, L. L. Exercise-induced down-regulation of lipogenesis: A rat model. J. Exer. Physiol. Fitness. 2: 23-29, 2004.
• Ji, L. L., M-C. Gomez-Cabrera, N. Steinhafel, and J. Vina.  Acute Exercise Activates Nuclear Factor (NF) kB Signaling Pathway in Rat Skeletal Muscle. FASEB J. 18:1499-1506, 2004.
• Gomez-Cabrera, M-C, C. Borras, G. Santangelo, F.V. Pallardó , J. Sastre, L. L. Ji  and J. Vina. Decreasing xanthine oxidase mediated oxidative stress prevents useful cellular adatptations to exercise in rats.  J. Physiol. (London) 567:113-120, 2005.
• Sakurai T, J. Hollander, S. Brickson, T. Izawa, H. Ohno, L. L. Ji, and T. M. Best. Changes in nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase following stretch-induced injury to the tibialis anterio muscle of rabbit. Japan J. Physiol. 55: 101-107, 2005
• Lee, C-H., M. Wettasinghe, B. W. Bolling, L. L. Ji and K. Parkin. Betalains as markers for highly-enriched phase II enzyme-inducing components from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extracts. Nutr. Cancer 53:91-103, 2005.
• Ji, L. L., M-C. Gomez-Cabrera and J. Vina.  Exercise and hormesis: Activation of cellular signaling pathways. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1067:425-435, 2006.
• Gomez-Cabrera, M-C, CE. Domenech,  L. L. Ji  and J. Vina.  Exercise as an antioxidant: it up-regulates important enzymes for cell adaptation to exercise. Sci. Sports. 21: 85-89, 2006.
• Ji, L. L. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant defenses: effects of aging and exercise. In: Oxidative stress, Exercise and Aging. (Ed. H. M. Allesio and A. E. Hagerman). Imperial College Press, London. P. 85-109, 2006.
• Ji, L. L. Antioxidant signaling in skeletal muscle: a brief review. Exp. Gerontol. 42: 582-593, 2007.
• Larraín, R. E., M. P. Richards, D. M. Schaefer, L. L. Ji,  and J. D. Reed. Growth performance and muscle oxidation in rats fed increasing amounts of high-tannin sorghum. J. Animal Sci. 85:3276-3284, 2007.
• Ji, L. L., M.C. Gomez-Cabrera and J. Vina. Role of nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in exercise-induced antioxidant enzyme adaptation. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metabol. 5:930-935, 2007.
• Ji, L. L. Physical Activity: A Strong Stimulant for Hormesis during Aging. In Mild Stress and Healthy Aging: Applying Hormesis. Ed. Eric. Le Bourg and Suresh Rattan. SPI Publishing, p. 97-114, 2007.
• Ji, L. L. Modulation of skeletal muscle antioxidant defense by exercise: role of redox signaling. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 44: 142-152, 2008.
• Ji, L. L.,G. Diffee, and W. Schrage. Challenges in Exercise Physiology Research and Education. Quest. 60: 13-18, 2008.
• Bo, H., N. Jiang, G. Ma, J. Qu, G. Zhang, D. Cao, L. Wen, S. Liu, L. L. Ji, and Y. Zhang. Regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling respiration during exercise in rat heart: role of ROS and uncoupling protein-2. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 44: 1373–1381, 2008.
• Ding, H., X. Liu, D. Liu, L. Wen, S. Liu, L. L. Ji, and Y. Zhang. Acute exercise induces skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in rat: H2O2 is involved in contractile activity-induced PGC-1α transcriptional
  up-regulation. Chin. J. Sports Med. 27:136-143, 2008.
• Ji, L. L. Z. Radak, and S. Goto. Exercise and hormesis. Am. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (in press)
• Ji, L. L. and R. Koenig. Oat antioxidant. In /Nutrigenomics and Proteomics in Health and Disease/. (Editor. Y. Mine). CRC-Taylor & Francis, New York. (in press)
• Ji, L. L. Antioxidant signaling in skeletal muscle. In /Muscle-Plasticity-Advances in Physiological and Biochemical Research./ (Editor. J. Magalhae and Antonio Ascensão). (in press)
• Ji, L. L. Role of Antioxidants in Muscle Health and Pathology Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets. Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. (in press)

Kelli Koltyn
Email: koltyn@education.wisc.edu
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Associate Professor of Kinesiology

• B.S., 1971, John F. Kennedy College
• M.A., 1980, Texas Woman's University
• Ph.D., 1990, University of Wisconsin

Principal Research Interests

Exercise and pain (e.g., exercise-induced analgesia); psychological benefits of exercise.

One of my primary research interests involves examining the impact of exercise on pain, specifically focusing on the conditions under which analgesia occurs following exercise. We have conducted a series of investigations examining whether pain thresholds and pain ratings are altered following aerobic, resistance, and isometric exercise. Results have indicated that pain sensitivity is diminished following exercise, with the analgesic response being of longer duration following aerobic exercise compared to other modes of exercise. We are currently examining whether exercise is associated with reductions in specific chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia and arthritis. Additional research has focused on whether strength training is capable of reducing pain in older adults residing in assisted-care facilities.

Another area of interest involves examining the psychological benefits associated with exercise. The focus of this research is on populations that have not been studied extensively. For example, we have conducted research with women during and following pregnancy, and have found significant mood improvements following exercise. Another population of interest is the frail elderly. Exercise has been shown to improve a number of health outcomes, and provide some protection against functional decline in older adults. Our research is focused on the association between exercise and psychological well-being in older adults living independently in the community, as well as in assisted-care facilities.

Primary Emphasis Group

Exercise Psychology

Representative Publications

• Koltyn, K.F., J.A. Landis & E.A. Dannecker (2003). Influence of oral contraceptive use on pain perception and blood pressure. Health Care for Women International, 24: 221-229.
• Dannecker, E.A., M.E. Robinson, K.F. Koltyn, & J.L. Riley (2003). Sex differences in delayed onset muscle soreness. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 43: 78-84.
• Koltyn, K.F. (2002). Using physical activity to manage pain in older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 10:226-239.
• Koltyn, K.F. (2002). Exercise-induced hypoalgesia and intensity of exercise. Sports Medicine, 32: 477-487.
• Koltyn, K.F. (2001). The association between physical activity and quality of life in older women. Women’s Health Issues, 11: 471-480.
• Koltyn, K.F. , M.R. Trine, A.J. Stegner & D.A. Tobar (2001). Influence of isometric exercise on pain perception and blood pressure. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33: 282-290.
• Cook, D.B. & K.F. Koltyn (2000). Pain and exercise. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31: 256-277.
• Focht, B.C., K.F. Koltyn & L.J. Bouchard (2000). State anxiety, body awareness, and blood pressure following different resistance exercise sessions. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31: 376-390.
• Koltyn, K.F. (2000). Analgesia following exercise: a review. Sports Medicine, 29: 85-98.
• Koltyn, K.F. , B.C. Focht, J.M. Ancker & J. Pasley (1999). Experimentally induced pain perception in men and women in the morning and evening. International Journal of Neuroscience, 98: 1-11.
• Focht, B.C. & K.F. Koltyn (1999). Influence of resistance exercise of different intensities on state anxiety, mood, and blood pressure. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31: 456-463.
• Koltyn, K.F. & R.W. Arbogast (1998). Perception of pain after resistance exercise. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 32: 20-24.
• Koltyn, K.F. , N.A. Lynch & D.W. Hill (1998). Psychological responses to brief exhaustive cycling exercise in the morning and evening. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29: 145-156.
• Brill, P.A., R.L. Jensen, K.F. Koltyn, L.A. Morgan. J.R. Morrow, M.J. Keller & A.W. Jackson (1998). The feasibility of conducting a group-based progressive strength training program in residents of a multi-level care facility. Activities, Adaptations and Aging, 22: 53-63.
• Koltyn, K.F. & Schultes, S.S. (1997). Psychological effects of an aerobic exercise session and a rest session following pregnancy. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 37: 287-291.

Nancy Krattiger-Ziltener Email: nziltener@education.wisc.edu Back to top Associate Faculty Associate B.S.  University of Wisconsin – LaCrosse Major – Physical Education Minor – Health M.S.ED. Northern Illinois University Physical Education/Administration

Teaching Instructor in the Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) program Supervisor for student teachers and practicum students in physical education Advisor for physical education, exercise science and movement science majors Classes Taught Gymnastics for Teachers Secondary Methods for Physical Education Elementary Physical Education Methods for Elementary Majors Practicum 300 Current Interests and/or Recognitions in Physical Education Interested in developing excellent physical educators for the public schools Honors University of Wisconsin – LaCrosse Wall of Fame

Cindy Kuhrasch Email: ckuhrasch@education.wisc.edu Back to top Associate Faculty Associate BS University of Wisconsin – LaCrosse Major – Physical Education Minor – Health MS Human Performance, UW LaCrosse

Teaching Instructor in the Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) program. Supervisor for student teachers in physical education. Advisor for physical education majors. Classes Taught Elementary Physical Education Methods for Elementary Majors Elementary Physical Education Methods for Physical Education Teachers Student Teacher Seminar Current Interests Teacher Development, Assessment, Socio-Cognitive aspects of Physical Education, and Integrated learning. University Affiliations Coordinator Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) Program Undergraduate Studies Committee Elementary Education Committee Merit Committee Representative Publications "Teaching Methods Through Methods: Modeling the Teaching Process for Future Teachers", NASPE PETE convention, October 2006 "Socio- Cognitive Aspects of PE", Kinesiology Departmental Presentation, October 2006 Assessment Workshop MMSD December, 2006 "Making Assessment Real", Madison Metropolitan Public Schools, April, 2005 "Assessment isn’t a Four Letter Word", Best Practices, Stevens Point, WI, 2003 “Technology Skills for Physical Education Teachers” AAHPERD National Convention April, 2001 "Using Databases To Create Lesson Plans", Strategies September/October 1998 "InteGreat!!", Strategies, May/June, 1997 Honors University of Wisconsin – LaCrosse Wall of Fame

Jo-Anne C. Lazarus
Email: lazarus@education.wisc.edu
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Professor of Kinesiology

• B.P.H.E. 1972, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
• M.H.K. 1977, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
• Ph.D. Division of Kinesiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
• Post-Doc 1985-87 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Principal Research Interests

The primary objectives of my research program are a) to understand fundamental principles underlying the development of unimanual and bimanual motor control and b) to apply the outcomes of such research to understand the movement deficits arising from various neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson’s disease, developmental coordination disorder).

Key Words: developmental motor control, movement disorders, unimanual and bimanual control and coordination, isometric force control and coordination, associated movement or motor overflow

Current research in the Motor Control Laboratory includes the following projects:

(1) The role of associated movement or motor overflow in the development of fractionated finger movement in unimanual and bimanual tasks.

(2) Bimanual rhythmic isometric index finger force control and coordination in typically developing children and children with Developmental Coordination Disorder.

*(3) Pinch force control and coordination in typically developing children and children with Developmental Coordination Disorder.

**(4) Visuo-motor accuracy and inter-digit coordination in static and dynamic unimanual and bimanual isometric tasks in individuals with early-onset Parkinson’s disease.

*(5) Cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise in individuals with early-onset Parkinson’s disease: Effects of three different dopamine agonists.

(6) Functional Connectivity associated with bimanual force control in Parkinson’s disease: an fMRI study.

* Funded in part by the Virginia Horne Henry Foundation
** Funded in part by a Women in Science and Engineering Leadership Institute (WISELI) grant.

Primary Emphasis Group

Motor Control and Behavior; Therapeutic Science

University Affiliations

Wisconsin Public Health and Health Policy Institute - Affiliate

Representative Publications

• Lazarus, J.C. & Wheeler LA. (In Review) Visual feedback disrupts bimanual force coupling in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders.
• Harbst, K., J.C. Lazarus, & Whitall, J. (2000) Accuracy of dynamic isometric force production: The influence of age and bimanual activation patterns. Motor Control, 4, 232-256.
• Lazarus, J.C., & Whitall, J. (1999) Motor overflow and children’s tracking performance: Is there a link? Developmental Psychobiology, 35, 178-187.
• Lazarus, J.C., and Haynes, J.M. (1997) Pinch force control and learning in older adults. Experimental Aging Research, 23, 179-198.
• Lazarus, J.C., Whitall, J. and Franks, C.A. (1995) Isometric force regulation in children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 60, 245-260.
• Lazarus, J.C. (1994) Evidence of disinhibition in learning disabilities: The associated movement phenomenon. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 11, 57-70.
• Lazarus, J.C.(1992) Associated movement in hemiplegia: The effects of force exerted, limb usage and inhibitory training. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73, 1044-1049.
• Lazarus, J.C., and Stelmach, G.E. (1992) Interlimb coordination in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 7, 159-170.
• Lazarus, J.C. and Todor, J.I. (1991) The role of attention in the regulation of associated movement in children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 33, 32-39.

Andrea H. Mason
Email: amason@education.wisc.edu
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Assistant Professor of Kinesiology

• B.A.Sc. 1995, Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
• M.Sc. 1997, Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
• Ph.D. 2002, Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada

Principal Research Interests

Motor control, human-computer interaction, ergonomics, coordination of upper and lower extremities

My main research interest involves understanding how sensory information, such as visual and haptic (sense of active touch) feedback, is used to control simple, bimanual and collaborative movements made in both natural and virtual environments.

One of my primary research areas focuses on understanding how movements involving multiple effectors are controlled and coordinated. In particular, I have recently focused on the coordination of bimanual reach to grasp movements in adults and children. To goals of the current experiments in my research lab are to investigate the temporal coordination of the two limbs in bimanual tasks and to assess how attentional demands affect this coordination.

I am also interested in investigating how two people coordinate their movements in order to collaboratively pass objects. This research answers basic questions regarding the planning, control, and complex coordination of movements made by two people when they work together to manipulate objects. I am interested in studying the kinematics of passing movements, as well as how people produce and release grasping forces when they pass objects to each other. I am also interested in how these kinematics and forces vary between natural and virtual environments. Ongoing research will further investigate the role of sensory information in collaborative movements and will extend these investigations to special populations.

Finally, I am interested in exploring how the availability of visual and haptic feedback affects the performance of reach to grasp movements in virtual environments. In computer generated environments sensory feedback is typically crude. However, in natural environments, when humans interact with objects, we expect to obtain an abundance of sensory information about the objects we interact with. With this research, I am interested in knowing how the presence and lack of sensory feedback about objects and environmental features affects performance in virtual environments. If we can discover what type of sensory information is needed and when that information is used, we can make recommendations about how and when to display sensory information to users of virtual environments.

Primary Emphasis Group

Therapeutic Sciences

Representative Publications

• Mason, A.H., & MacKenzie, C.L. (In Press) The role of graphical feedback about self-movement when receiving objects in an augmented environment. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments.
• Mason, A.H., & MacKenzie, C.L. (2002). The effects of visual information about self-movement on grip forces when receiving objects in an augmented environment. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality, Haptics Symposium, 105-112.
• Mason, A.H., Walji, M.A., Lee, E.J., & MacKenzie, C.L. (2001). Reaching movements to augmented and graphic objects in virtual environments. CHI Notes – Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer-Human Interaction, 426-433.
• Mason, A.H. (2001) Sensory Information for Collaborative Interaction in Augmented Environments. CHI 2001 Extended Abstracts – ACM Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Doctoral Consortium, 77-78.
• Mason, A.H.& MacKenzie, C.L. (2000). Collaborative work using give and take passing protocols. Proceedings of International Ergonomics Association (IEA2000)/Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES2000) Congress: Ergonomics for the New Millenium, Volume 1, 519-522.
• Mason, A.H., & Carnahan, H. (1999). Target viewing time and velocity effects on prehension. Experimental Brain Research, 127, 83-94.
• Carnahan, H., McFadyen, B.J., Cockell, D., & Mason, A.H. (1996). The combined control of locomotion and prehension. Neuroscience Research Communications, 19, 90-100.

Barbara J. Morgan
Email: morgan@surgery.wisc.edu
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Professor, Physical Therapy Program

• B.S. (Physical Therapy), 1971, University of Kentucky
• M.Ed. (Exercise Science) 1980, Colorado State University
• Ph.D. (Exercise Physiology) 1988, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Principal Research Interests

Cardiovascular regulation, cardiovascular-pulmonary interactions; influence of exercise and chemoreflex perturbations on the peripheral circulation

Most of our current research is aimed at understanding how changes in respiratory activity (e.g. apneas, hypoxia and hypercapnia, alterations in airway resistance, central respiratory drive and work of breathing) affect the cardiovascular system. Using an integrative physiology approach, we study the effects of breathing on sympathetic nervous system activity, limb blood flow, and cerebral blood flow in human subjects. In addition, we perform in vitro studies of vascular regulation in isolated, perfused arteries excised from rats. Our studies have relevance to the clinical syndromes of sleep apnea, hypertension, and congestive heart failure.

Emphasis Group

Exercise Physiology

University Affiliations

Respiratory Neurobiology Training Program; Cardiovascular Research Center

Representative Publications

• Khayat, R.N., T. Przybylowski, K.C. Meyer, J.B. Skatrud, and B.J. Morgan. Role of sensory input from the lungs in control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during and after apnea in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology (2004, in press).
• Phillips, S.A., E.B. Olson, B.J. Morgan, and J.H. Lombard. Chronic intermittent hypoxia impairs endothelium-dependent dilation in cerebral and skeletal muscle resistance arteries. American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286:H388-H393.
• Sheel, A.W., P.A. Derchak, B.J. Morgan, D.F. Pegelow, A.J. Jacques, and J.A. Dempsey. Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex reduction in resting leg blood flow. Journal of Physiology 537:277-289, 2001.
• Xie, A., J.B. Skatrud, D.S. Puleo, and B.J. Morgan. Exposure to hypoxia produces long-lasting sympathetic activation in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 91:1555-1562, 2001.
• Miller, B.F., K.G. Gruben, and B.J. Morgan. Circulatory responses to voluntary and electrically induced muscle contractions in humans. Physical Therapy 80:52-59, 2000.
• St. Croix, C.M., B.J. Morgan, T.J. Wetter, and J.A. Dempsey: Fatiguing respiratory muscle work causes reflex sympathetic activation in humans. Journal of Physiology 529:493-504, 2000.
• St. Croix, C.M., M. Satoh, B.J. Morgan, J.B. Skatrud, and J.A. Dempsey. Role of respiratory motor output in within-breath modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Circulation Research 85:457-469, 1999.
• Hollman, J.E., and B.J. Morgan. Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the pressor response to static handgrip exercise. Physical Therapy 77:28-36, 1997.
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William Schrage Email: wschrage@education.wisc.edu Back to top Assistant Professor of Kinesiology BS University of Utah Ph.D., University of Missouri 2001 Post Doctoral Fellow - Mayo Clinic, 2001 - 2006

Principal Research Interests Dr. Schrage laboratory is focused on understanding control of muscle blood flow during exercise. Proper control of muscle blood flow has enormous influence on blood pressure and oxygen delivery in health and disease. Specifically, he is interested in how cardiovascular conditions like aging or high blood pressure impair blood flow and how regular physical activity may improve blood flow and blood vessel function. He uses various state-of-art methods to conduct his experiments using both human and animal models. Teaching Dr. Schrage teaches Undergraduate and Graduate Exercise Physiology (Kines 314 and 773), Biodynamics Seminar (953), Biological Factors of Exercise (614), and Lab Methods (615). Primary Emphasis Group Exercise Physiology University Affiliations Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC) Representative Publications Schrage, WG, CR Woodman and MH Laughlin.  Mechanisms of flow and ACh-induced dilation in rat soleus arterioles are altered by hindlimb unweighting. J. Appl. Physiol 92 (3): 901-911, 2002. Laughlin, MH, LJ Rubin, JWE Rush, EM Price, WG Schrage and CR Woodman.  Short-term training enhances endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary arteries, not arterioles. J. Appl. Physiol 94 (1): 234-244, 2003. Schrage, WG, MJ Joyner and FA Dinenno. Local inhibition of nitric oxide and prostaglandins independently reduces forearm exercise hyperaemia in humans J. Physiol 557 (2): 599-611, 2004. Schrage, WG, JE Eisenach, FA Dinenno, P Sandroni, PA Low and MJ Joyner. Effects of midodrine on exercise-induced hypotension and blood pressure recovery in autonomic failure J. Appl. Physiol. 97(5): 1978-1984, 2004. Schrage, WG, JE Eisenach, NM Dietz and MJ Joyner. Agonist-dependent variability of contributions of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in human skeletal muscle. J. Appl Physiology 98(4): 1251-1257, 2005. Schrage, WG, BW Wilkins, VL Dean, JP Scott, NK Henry, ME Wylam and MJ Joyner. Exercise hyperemia and vasoconstrictor responses in humans with cystic fibrosis. J. Appl Physiology (99), 1866-1871, 2005. Schrage, WG, NM Dietz and MJ Joyner. Effects of combined inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, nitric oxide and prostaglandins on hyperemia during moderate exercise. J. Appl Physiology 100(5): 1506-12, 2006. PMID: 16469932 Eisenach, JH, DR Schroeder, TL Pike, CP Johnson, WG Schrage, EM Snyder, BD Johnson, ST Turner and MJ Joyner Dietary sodium restriction and β2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism modulate cardiovascular function in humans. J Physiol 574(3): 955-65, 2006. PMID: 16740612 Wilkins BW, WG Schrage, Z Liu, KC Hancock and MJ Joyner. Systemic hypoxia and vasoconstrictor responsiveness in exercising human muscle. J. Appl Physiology 101(5):1343-50, 2006 PMID: 16809628 Masuki, S JH Eisenach, C Johnson, NM Dietz, L Benrud-Larson, WG Schrage, TB Curry, P Sandroni, PA Low, and MJ Joyner. Excessive heart rate response to orthostatic stress in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome is not caused by anxiety. J Appl Physiol published 16 November 2006, PMID: 17110507 Schrage, WG, John H. Eisenach and MJ Joyner. Aging reduces nitric oxide and prostaglandin mediated vasodilation during exericse. J. Physiol, 2006 in press.

Philip W. Scruggs
Email: pwscruggs@education.wisc.edu
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Assistant Professor in Kinesiology

• B.A., 1994, University of Texas - Arlington
• M.S., 1996, University of Wyoming
• Ph.D., 2001, University of Utah

Principal Research Interests

My general research interests are focused on pediatric physical activity measurement and intervention, which are critical for advancing the health promotion initiative of increasing the quantity and quality of school site physical activity programs (CDC, 1997; COPEC, 1998; USDHHS, 2000; USDHHS/USDE, 2000). Specific physical activity measurement tools used in my research are pedometry, accelerometry, heart rate telemetry, and systematic observation. Physical activity program site interventions of interest are physical education classes, fitness breaks, recess breaks, after-school programs, and families.

My primary line of research in which I am currently involved is quantifying physical activity within structured physical activity settings. The goal of this research is to empirically determine criterion-referenced pedometer step per minute standards for quantifying the time that students spend physically active in physical education. The basic research question is: What step per minute value indicates students have met physical activity objectives set for physical education class? This research is important because, when valid pedometer step per minute criteria are established for quantifying time students spend active in physical education, then large scale surveillance can be conducted to collect objective data on Healthy People 2010 objective 22:10 and the Council On Physical Education for Children (COPEC, 2004) activity guidelines. Establishing pedometer step per minute standards will provide teachers, researchers, public health officials, teacher education programs, and administration an objective and practical mechanism to assess program/teacher effectiveness and activity levels in relation to guidelines.

My secondary line of research is focused on youths' school day and beyond physical activity levels. The goal of this research is to increase the physical activity levels of students during school and after school hours in traditional and non-traditional activity structures via environmental and pedagogical manipulations. The significance of this research is, if school site physical activity programs can demonstrate to be an efficient and effective method of physical activity intervention for boys and girls, and overweight and non-overweight students, then schools can take simple steps to influence student physical activity levels, health and development.

Primary Emphasis Group

Physical Activity Pedagogy

Publications

• Scruggs, P. W., Beveridge, S. K., & Clocksin, B. D. (2005). Tri-axial accelerometry and heart rate telemetry: Relation and agreement with behavioral observation in elementary physical education. Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science, 9, 203-218.
• Watson, D. L., Clocksin, B. D., Scruggs, P. W., Smith, N., & Beveridge, S. K. (2005). Total daily energy expenditure and step counts of adolescent females in an after-school physical activity program. Journal of Youth Sports, 1(2), 4-7.
• Scruggs, P. W., Beveridge, S. K., Watson, D. L., & Clocksin, B. D. (2005). Quantifying Physical Activity in First- through Fourth-Grade Physical Education via Pedometry. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 76, 166-175.
• Scruggs, P. W., Beveridge, S. K., Eisenman, P. A., Watson, D. L., Shultz, B. B., & Ransdell, L. B. (2003). Quantifying physical activity via pedometry in elementary physical education. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35, 1065-1071.
• Scruggs, P. W., Beveridge, S. K., & Watson, D. L. (2003). Increasing children's school time physical activity using structured fitness breaks. Pediatric Exercise Science, 15, 156-169.
• Beveridge, S. K., & Scruggs, P. W.(2000). TLC for better PE: Girls and elementary physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 71(8), 22-27.

Dan Timm Email: dtimm@education.wisc.edu Back to top Associate Faculty Associate B.S University of Wisconsin-Green Bay M.S. Western Illinois University

Primary Emphasis Group Physical Education Teacher Education / Physical Education Activity Program Areas of Elective Instruction Team Sports Classes Taught First Aid Foundations of Physical Education Specialized Teaching Experience Basketball I and II Soccer I Team Handball I Current Interests / Research Interests Multiculturalism and Physical Education / History of Physical Education / Instructional Models

Peter L.E. van Kan
Email: vankan@education.wisc.edu
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Associate Professor of Kinesiology

• Kandidaats 1977, Nijmegen University, the Netherlands
• M.S. 1980, University of California at Davis
• Ph.D. 1984, University of California at Davis

Primary Emphasis Group

Motor Control and Behavior; Therapeutic Science

University Affiliations

Neuroscience Training Program
Center for Neuroscience
Wisconsin Primate Research Center

Principal Research Interests

Circuits and basic neural mechanisms involved in the guidance and control of voluntary limb movement; cerebellar control of reaching to grasp.

Neural Control of Limb Movement

Our long-term goal is to understand the neural control of reaching to grasp. Reaching to grasp is essential to primate motor behavior and strongly depends on cerebellar function. Cerebellar damage causes decomposition of reach-to-grasp movements: the reach becomes inaccurate and uncertain, and hand preshaping occurs at highly variable times within the reach.

We use intermediate cerebellum, and its associated neural circuitry, as a model system for studying how the brain generates command signals for movements. We record signals transmitted by individual neurons in behaving monkeys. In addition, we study behavioral deficits resulting from reversible inactivation of specific cell groups, and we define relevant neural pathways anatomically. Our results support the hypothesis that intermediate cerebellar output via the rubrospinal tract is specialized for control of hand use: rubrospinal neurons may command muscle synergies that produce grouped digit extension to preshape the hand at the appropriate time within the reach.

Representative Publications

• Van Kan, PLE and McCurdy, ML. 2002. Contribution of primate magnocellular red nucleus neurons to the timing of hand preshaping during reaching to grasp. J Neurophysiol 87: 1473-1487. [PDF]
• Van Kan, PLE and McCurdy, ML. 2002. Discharge of primate magnocellular red nucleus neurons during reaching to grasp in different spatial locations. Exp Brain Res 142: 151-157. [PDF]
• Van Kan, PLE and McCurdy, ML. 2001. Role of primate magnocellular red nucleus neurons in controlling hand preshaping during reaching to grasp. J Neurophysiol 85: 1461-1478. [PDF]
• Horn, KM, Van Kan, PLE, and Gibson, AR. 1996. Reduction of rostral dorsal accessory olive responses during reaching. J Neurophysiol 76: 4140-4151.
• Van Kan, PLE, Horn, K.M. and Gibson, A.R. 1994. The importance of hand use to discharge of interpositus neurones of the monkey. J Physiol (Lond) 480: 171-190.
• Van Kan, PLE, Houk, JC, and Gibson, AR. 1993. Output organization of intermediate cerebellum of the monkey. J Neurophysiol 69: 57-73.
• Van Kan, PLE, Gibson, AR, and Houk, JC. 1993. Movement-related inputs to intermediate cerebellum of the monkey. J Neurophysiol 69: 74-94.
• Miller, LE, Van Kan, PLE, Sinkjaer, T, Andersen, T, Harris, GD, and Houk, JC. 1993. Correlation of primate red nucleus discharge with muscle activity during free-form arm movements. J Physiol (Lond) 469: 213-243.

Andrew P. Winterstein Email: winterstein@education.wisc.edu Back to top Associate Clinical Professor BS  1984 University of Arizona Education / Biology MS 1986 University of Oregon Applied Physiology / Athletic Training PhD 1994 University of Wisconsin-Madison Educational Administration High Education Emphasis

Primary Emphasis Group Athletic Training University Affiliations UW School of Medicine and Public Health Dept. of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation - Division of Sports Medicine University Health Services Teaching Dr. Winterstein is the coordinator of the CAATE accredited Athletic Training Education Program. He teaches the following courses: Kines 127 Introduction to Athletic Training Kines 317 Recognition and Evaluation of Athletic Injuries Kines 357 Physical Agents Used in the Treatment of Athletic Injuries Kines 400 Organization and Administration of Athletic Training Programs Kines 499 Seminar in Athletic Training PE 148 Introduction to Fly Fishing (Summer) Academic Interests Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) Instructional Technology Athletic Training in College Health Settings Organizational Dynamics and Behaviors Medical Humanities. Representative Publications Textbook: Winterstein AP. The Athletic Training Student Primer: A Foundation for Success. Slack Inc, Thorofare NJ (2003) Journal Publications, Proceedings, and Abstracts: Barker WS, Mistry D. and Winterstein AP. Assessing Blood Pressure: A MERLOT Learning Object. Abstract. Proceedings of the 57th NATA Annual Symposium. June 2006. Winterstein AP and Nelson RL. Art and Athletic Training: Taking Your Lab to the Campus Museum. Athletic Therapy Today, July 2006, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p9-7. Winterstein AP and McGuine T. Injury Prevention and Performance Enhancement: A Changing Paradigm.  Athletic Therapy Today 2006; 11(1): 22-24. Winterstein AP. Learning Strategies: A Place for the Humanities in Athletic Training Education? A Case Study. Proceedings of the NATA Educator’s Conference. January 2005 Bennett, J, Castle R. and Winterstein AP. Technology Solutions for the Athletic Training Educator: Pre Conference Workshop. Proceedings of the NATA Educator’s Conference. January 2005 Perform a publication search for Dr. Winterstein. Honors MERLOT Classics Award Winner August 2007 - Health Sciences on-line learning resources. UW-Madison School of Education Distinguished Service Award. April 26, 2006. 2003, 2004, 2006 NATA Multimedia Committee Contest Winner Wisconsin Teaching Scholar 2005-2006. UW-Madison representative to the UW System Wisconsin Teaching Scholars Program. Year long program dedicated to improving our understanding of student learning and the scholarship of teaching.

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